Surgical forceps.



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SURGICAL PORCBPS. l APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8, 1909. Patented Feb. 21,1911.

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P. PRISCHV.- SURGIGAL FORGEPS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,1909.

Patented 11911.21, 1911.

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THE NaRms PETERS il FFIGF.

` PAUL FRISCH, BERLIN, GERMANY.

sURGIcAL FoRoEPs.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 21, 1911.

Application filed September 8, 1909. Serial No. 516,717.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL Frison, a subject of the German Emperor,residing at No. 9 Carlstrasse, Berlin, Germany, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Surgical Forceps, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to surgical forceps of the kind in whichthe cutting edges acting in the manner of jaws, pliers or punches areprovided at the ends of branches of the instrument which are guided oneupon the other in a sliding manner. In instruments of this kind, thedefect is found that, owing to the rigid connection of one of theguiding arms or branches with t-he handle portion, when in use theinstrument readily effects a rocking movement or oscillation of botharms around the point at which the connection of the arm displaced alongthe guide arm is located.

Now in accordance with the resent invention, the defect referred toalliove is obviated by providing the instrument not only with a slidingarm but also pivoting the handle member to the other arm.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example in theaccompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a side elevation of theforceps; Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same; Figs. 3 and 4illustrate the two handle portions; Figs. 5 and 6 show the two guidearms; Fig. 7 is a detail view of the clip holding the handle portions onthe guide arms; Fig. 8 illustrates a modified form of forceps; Fig. 9 isa partial sect-ion of this forceps when the handle portions have beenbrought together; Figs. l0 and ll illustrate the handle portions of thistype of forceps; Fig. l2 represents a similar construction of theforceps, pliers or punch to that shown in F ig. 8 in which one of thesliding arms is constituted as a rod or wire and is guided inside theother arm which constitutes a. sleeve; Fig. 13 represents a section onthe line A--B in Fig. l2; and Fig. 14 shows the means for fixing the armpresenting the form of a rod or wire on the rear cheek displaced by oneof the handle members.

The two handle members o f comprise short lever arms z' behind the pivotcommon to them both; these arms preferably connected by disk shapedpivots to the rear ends of the guide arms lm, 7L. Owing to thisljointing of the two arms to the handle members a f, during the use ofthe instrument the hand is able to remain in approximately the sameposition without thereby producing any appreciable alteration in theposition of the guide arms m 7L or a rocking or oscillating movement ofthese parts. The reason for this is that each handle member is able toeffect thc same angular movement relatively to the other on the pivotcommon to both parts, while the direction of the guide arms remainsunaltered.

In order to render the guide arms of the forceps or their joint portionsmore stable, the arms m 7L are provided with iianges 0 bearing oneagainst the other between the joint plates of the handle portions;curvilinear slots Z (Figs. 5 and G) are provided in these flanges forthe pivot o of the handle portions.

c is a spring clip holding all the'parts together.

In the construction illustrated in Figs. 8 to l0 the handle portions a fdo not engage the pivot l) with their short lever arms 7' z' crosswiseas` in the Vconstruction described above, but the lever arms are fittedin opposite directions on the plates or cheeks of the handles, the leverarm g/ of the handle portion a extending 'forward and the lever arm 2'-of the handle portion f rearward. In this manner a kind of toggle ointis formed and, as illustrated in Figs. 8' and l0 in broken lines, thecentral pivot I (at Z2) during the relative movements of the handlemembers a f slides in the direction of the path II-III as shown by thearrow so that the points II-III sepa-rate in the sense of extending thetoggle joint and assume the position shown in Fig. 9. The operation ofthis form of forceps is more advantageous than that of the firstconstruction, as during the relative displacements of the handle membersthe short lever arms assume a more extended angular position than in theother position of the handle members and thereby develop an increasedforce in the pull or push direction of the arms or sliding parts.

In both forms of the instrument described above the parts m L whichslide one upon the other can be made relatively thin for their lengthand the part m, which is subjected to extension strains, can be ofsmaller cross section or be formed of wire or a flexible strip of metalor the like. This traction member would in this case be guided on theother stronger part L and it is obvious that in this construction it isalso possible to curve the two sliding parts in any desired manner. Y

The tools or operative parts situated at the front ends of the slidingparts can be of any suitable arrangement or construction and may eitheract as forceps or exert a punching or shearing action.

In order that it may be possible to maintain the invariable position ofthe guide arms of the two jaws with greater exactitude during operation,one or other of these arms may be provided with a rigid extension pieceat the rear (not shown) and this piece may comprise a handle or bend ofappropriate form to facilitate grasping it.

The construction illustrated in Figs. 12 to 14 differs from the forms ofinstruments described above only owing to the modified construction ofthe sliding arms and the method of fixing them to the cheeks m2 h2 whichare in engagement with the handle portions. One of the sliding arms isformed as a sleeve It which at one end, which is screw threaded, isscrewed into the cheek 71,2 intended to be actuated by the arm y" of thehandle member a and is fixed thereon by means of a lock nut h3. Theother arm m, which is constituted by a wire, is carried through thesleeve h and fixed in a sleeve m3 mounted on the cheek fm2 which isactuated bv the arm t" of the handle member f. With this object aclipping sleeve 'y is provided inside the sleeve m3 in which it isretained by a fixing nut y. The rear end of the clipping sleeve isprovided with a wedge shaped slit ff on each side. A recess m4tinternally screw threaded is provided in the rear end of the sleeve m3and in this recess a nut 00, which is preferably perforated conically,can be screwed for the purpose of compressing the slit end of theclipping sleeve y and thereby retaining Vthe wire m in the sleeve m3 sothat it is displaced by the movement of the handle members or of thecheeks mi.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature Of my saidinvention and in what manner the same isto be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim and wish to secure by Letters Patent is In surgical forcepsof the type described, the combination of a pair of handle members whichare detachably linked to each other by means of a common pivot pin, eachmember being provided with a short crank or lever arm, said cranks orarms being so positioned angularly with resp-ectk to the handle membersthat when the latter are drawn together the cranks are spread apart liketoggle-links, and a pair of slide-like guided branches provided withcutting or grasping jaws at their front ends, said branches beingconnected pivotally at their rear ends to the said crank or lever arms,whereby the latter act as a toggle oint.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL FBIS OH.

Witnesses z HENRY HAsrER, VOLDEMAR HAUPT.

